New intelligent in-series DC motor controller / Abu Zaharin Ahmad

This thesis presents a new in-series controller for a permanent magnet (PM) DC motor speed control. Instead of using a feedback loop speed sensor to monitor the DC motor speed, the back-EMF voltage in the DC motor is employed as a means of determining the speed of the DC motor. The advantage of this technique is the elimination of the speed sensor feedback loop, which may imply simplistic DC motor system, lower cost and smaller controller design. To evaluate the performance of the new controller scheme, three controller algorithms were developed and applied in real-time. These controllers are the PID controller, which is widely accepted and used; fuzzy based proportional-derivative (FPD) and fuzzy based proportional-integral (FPI) controllers. The performances of these controllers were evaluated based on the control system theory, which includes transient response analysis and tracking capabilities. The results obtained in this thesis show that the proposed technique for indirectly measuring the DC motor speed via its back-EMF was successful and all of the three controllers have work with comparable performances

Review on energy management system in microgrids

Microgrid has been widely used as an approach for the integration of distributed energy sources with energy storage systems in the electrical distribution network. It is developed as a building block for the smart grid system. In this paper, the review focuses on a comparative controller in a microgrid for energy management systems (EMS) is presented. The EMS is crucial in microgrid operation as it is used to control the power flow to the load demands and voltage sharing due to uncertainties of the input energy sources. As an outcome, the review provided the researcher with viewing the existing approaches and possibilities for improvement

Enrollment Issue, Power Energy Management Approach and Structure of Control of Renewable Energy Microgrid: A Review

he integration and emerging of distributed generation into the grid especially renewable energy source has brought solution of the problem increasing demand of electricity. The utilization of renewable energy as a source generation can minimize the effect of green house and reduce the cost of operation. The RE microgrids are the great power solution due to the capability to control and coordinate different level between the loads and generators. The energy management control is the key of successions to provide the power reliability in the RE microgrid. The problem of the optimal energy management has become widely investigated in order to achieve the optimize architecture structure of microgrid. This paper presents a details description, problem issue of microgrid and brief explanation about power energy management control. Section 2 will explain on the architecture control structure of microgrid. List of control technique of energy management operation that was present and proposed in the literature is details in section 3. The progression project of microgrid in the world was reported and suggestion of area interest for future research activity was proposed in section 4

Voltage and active power management control of pv source distributed generations under unbalanced voltage of non-islanded microgrid

Key solution for future electrical power generation depends on alternative energy such as Solar Energy and renewable energy. Solar energy can be harvested by using a fast growing technique like Photovoltaic Plants (PV) in order to fulfill the demand of electrical energy. Proportional Integral Derivative Controller (PID controller) is added together with power electronic components such as boost converter combined with suitable controller of different maximum power point tracking techniques (MPPT) combined to optimized the PV system. In this paper, sudden irradiance and cell temperature variations are the variable input tested on grid PV systems modeled in MATLAB SIMULINK software. Incremental Conductance PID Controller with the trial and error method is used randomly in order to have good and efficient of transmission of energy and avoiding the unbalance voltage at the same time enhancing the protection system from bad disturbances. The stability of the system is checked to counter various irradiance and temperature in order to have a balance voltage and optimum energy. The new controller then been compared with previous literature in order to ensure the designed controller operating following the state of boundary and limitation of the operation

Simulation of adaptive gain control via 2-D lookup table for isolated hybrid micro-grid system

This paper presented a smartness 2-D lookup table (2-DLT) control by means of adaptation gain to develop a frequency controller and facilitate the power-sharing requirements in an isolated micro-grid system. This intelligence of an expert controller adopts the scale of adaptation gain for estimating control design. Synchronous power generators are commonly used to provide power to distant and isolated regions where grid expansion is expensive due to economic and technical constraints. Load frequency control (LFC) technology challenges to guarantee the reliability and stability regarding the system. It is known that conventional control methods are unreliable due to frequency variation and sudden changes in the load or failure generation. Traditional control and criteria may not be appropriate for the new structural networks, such as micro-grid. In this work, the performance of the proposed 2-DLT controller is examined and compared to the classical proportional integral (PI) controller and artificial neural network (ANN). The simulation system is implemented and tested using MATLAB/Simulink. © 2022, Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Solid waste management: Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) application of selecting treatment technoogy in Sepang Municipal Council, Malaysia.

The main issues with solid waste management today are to identify and select the most appropriate solid waste treatment technologies as well as disposal method in selected areas. However the decision making process is getting more complicated especially dealing with its cost efficiency. Thus, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was chosen to use as tools to facilitate the decision making task. It is a method developed to support multi-criteria decisions, effective and practical approach that consider complex and unstructured decision. One model was developed as General Hierarchy Structure Model (GHSM) for selecting an appropriate solid waste treatment technology. The models was structured into hierarchy consists of goal, criteria subcriteria and alternatives. Based on political support, technical expertise, environmental impact, market potential, community involvement and cost critera, GHSM will give priority to recycling, composting, incineration or combination of technologies. The case study in Sepang Municipal Council, have shown that the combination of recycling and composting technology is the best alternative and suitable in Sepang area

Local community acceptance of the rare earth industry: the case of the Lynas Advanced Materials Plant (LAMP) in Malaysia

This paper provides a detailed analysis of the local community response to a newly installed rare earth (RE) refinery facility and the factors underlying its acceptance. House-to-house interviews, using structured questionnaire, were conducted in 2013 (N = 370). Results show that the community was divided into deciding whether they agreed with the presence of the facility, 41.36 % (for) and 41.62 % (against). The remaining fraction of the community was undecided, which made up 17.03 % of the total respondents. This paper identifies six significant predictors of risk acceptance: gender, education status, place of residence, Factor 1 (variables—perception of safety, concern on effects, and trust in the operators), Factor 2 (variables—social and individual benefits), and Factor 3 (variables—no confidence in government). This study gives insights on how the public respond to potential hazardous facilities and highlights the need for policy makers to consider public sentiment which can interfere with further expansion of the RE industry

Hydrological trend analysis due to land use changes at Langat River Basin.

This present study was carried out to detect the spatial and temporal change (1974-2000) in hydrological trend and its relationship to land use changes in the Langat River Basin. To obtain a clear picture of the hydrological parameters during the study period, rainfall data were analyzed. With the help of GIS and non-parametric Mann-Kendall (MK) statistical test the significance of trend in hydrological and land use time series was measured. Trend analyses indicated that a relationship between hydrological parameters namely discharge and direct runoff and land use types namely agriculture, forest, urban, waterbody and others was evident. This analysis indicates that rainfall intensity does not play an important role as a pollutant contributor via the rainfall runoff process nor does it directly influence the peak discharges. Land use shows tremendous changes in trend surrounding Dengkil station compared a little changes surrounding Lui station. Mann-Kendall test of trend shows an increasing trend (p-value<0.01) of annual maximum-minimum ratio for Dengkil station, while no significant trend is observed for Lui station. There is evidence that regional variability in discharge behaviour is strongly related to land use or land cover changes along the river basin

Determination of arsenic and lead level in blood of adults from coastal community in Melaka, Malaysia

Introduction: Accumulation of heavy metals through seafood consumption constitutes a significant potential threat to human health. Biomonitoring of whole blood heavy metals level gave an insight into the internal body burden to the exposure of heavy metals. The aims of this study were to assess the blood heavy metals (arsenic and lead) level among the coastal community of Melaka and to determine their association with sociodemographic background and potential sources of heavy metals accumulation. Methods: Respondents were recruited through purposive sampling technique based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The questionnaires were distributed to obtain sociodemographic information, the frequency of seafood intake and smoking habit. Blood samples were obtained on a voluntary basis. A total of 63 respondents completed all the information required. The heavy metals concentration in blood was determined by inductively coupled plasma- mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: The blood arsenic (BAs) concentration of respondents was 0.076 (0.059 – 0.107) μg/L and the blood lead (BPb) concentration of respondents was 1.204 (0.670 – 2.094) μg/L respectively. A significant association was observed between seafood-based product frequency intake and BPb concentration (p < 0.05). Other seafood frequency intake and background factors were not significantly associated with the BAs and BPb concentration of respondents. Conclusion: The findings showed that arsenic and lead levels in the blood of respondents along the coastal area of Melaka did not exceed the blood heavy metals reference levels and there was also lack of associations between blood heavy metals concentration and the potential factors of heavy metals accumulation studied

Seafood consumption and blood cadmium level of respondents along the coastal area of Melaka, Malaysia

Introduction: Eating seafood has become a major health concern for many people due to the present of heavy metal especially cadmium (Cd). Cd can accumulate in the body and disrupt the normal cellular processes which will eventually lead to organ damage. This study aims to determine the seafood consumption pattern and blood cadmium (BCd) as well as the association between these two variables among respondents living along the coastal area of Melaka. Methods: Pretested questionnaires were used to collect background and food frequency intake from coastal villagers through convenient sampling method. Venous blood samples were analysed by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for BCd determination. Results: A total of 63 respondents who 54% were female with median age of 34 years old provided complete data in this study. The most frequently consumed seafood and its product were shrimp paste (31.5%) followed by mackerel (13.6%), hardtail-scad (6.2%), flatfish (4.5%) and fish ball (4.0). All blood samples showed the present of Cd with median (IQR) = 0.076 (0.1) μg/L and ranged between 0.007 to 1.284 μg/L. The finding showed no association between frequently consumed seafood and low BCd of the respondents. On the other hand, gender was found to be significantly associated with the BCd. Conclusion: Seafood consumption pattern was not significantly associated with BCd which suggests that frequent seafood consumption may not contribute much to BCd level among the respondents as well as it may indicates safe consumption of these seafood available in the study location